Abnormal

**// The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders – Fourth Edition (DSM-IV) of the American Psychiatric Association //**
 * __ CHAPTER 12 NOTES: MENTAL DISORDERS – Page 462 __**
 * 1.5 million hospitalized; additional 4-5 million seek help
 * Depictions of mental disorders are often inaccurate
 * Statistically, mental patients are less violent than those in the “normal” population

What constitutes abnormal behavior?
 * 1) Person suffers from **discomfort** more or less continuously. (Shows up as extreme anxiety, endless worry, or long periods of depression; feels something is wrong w/ his/her life more than the average person does)
 * 2) Person is behaving in a **bizarre** fashion. (Misinterprets what is going on or what others are doing/saying; afraid to go to work or school; frequently comes completely apart over minor things or sinks into a depression about them)
 * 3) Person is very **inefficient** and is therefore unable to perform their life roles properly.

Characteristics of Abnormal Behavior:
 * 1) **Inflexible** in their responses to almost everything (Ex: Shy, withdrawn man goes to a party and a few people are nice to him; instead, he thinks they only “feel sorry” for him)
 * 2) Constantly see a **threatening** environment (Ex: See danger, rejection, and failure around every corner)

** First diagnosed in infancy, childhood, or adolescence ** || -Hyperactivity
 * ** Disorder ** ||  ** Subsets **  ||  ** Description **  ||  ** Comments/Connections/Questions (CCQ) **  ||

-Autism || Unusually and abnormally active. Child is usually detached from people and the world and suffers problems with communication. Childhood disorders can range from bed wetting to attention deficit disorder. ||  ||  ** Cognitive Disorders **  || -Delirium

-Dementia

-Amnesiac || Violent excitement or emotion.

A disorder causing mental defect.

Can’t remember certain points of life. ||  ||  ** Substance-Related Disorders **  || -Alcoholism

-Chemical abuse || A disease, genetic or due to environment. Addictive personalities.

Abuse drugs and different chemicals. ||  ||  ** PSYCHOTIC DISORDERS ** ** (Thought disorder, hallucinations, delusions, inappropriate emotional responses) ** || -Schizophrenia

-Catatonic Schizophrenia

-Paranoid Schizophrenia

-Undifferentiated Schizophrenia || -Most serious mental disturbance; schizophrenia affects about 1% of the population; often arises in late adolescence or early adulthood; word salad (incoherence) and clang associations (rhymes); cycles of lucidity and psychosis; heredity does not seem to be the key factor (90% of patients do not have members in their immediate family who suffer from it); environment may contribute to the development for those who have a predisposition; linked to high levels of dopamine

-Disturbances of movement; does not speak or says little; appears to be in a stupor; may rigidly hold strange posture and may not move for hours

-Strong feelings of persecution or suspiciousness; delusions

-Lacks distinguishing symptoms ||  || ** MOOD DISORDERS ** ** (deal with one’s emotional state) ** || -Dysthymic Disorder

-Major Depression

-Mania

-Bipolar Disorders (Manic Depression or Manic Depressive Psychosis) || Moods that are really low.

Low moods, mood swings, isolation. Depression is a chemical imbalance in the brain.

Moods swings. Happy one moment, sad the next. Constantly moving or going a mile a minute. ||  ||  ** ANXIETY DISORDERS ** ** (most common) ** || -Panic Disorder

-Phobic Disorders

-Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder || Having extreme anxiety. Terrifying panic attacks. Heart palpitations, pressure or pain in the chest.

An intense irrational fear of a subject or situation.

Affects about 2.4 percent of the population. Persistent upsetting or unwanted thoughts and impulses. Rituals. ||  || ** SOMATOFORM DISORDERS ** ** (expressed in bodily symptoms) ** || -Conversion Disorders

-Hypochondriasis ||  ||   || ** Factitious Disorders ** ||   ||   ||   || ** DISSOCIATIVE DISORDERS ** ** (disconnects or disassociates certain events/behaviors from one another; very rare) ** || -Amnesia

-Fugue

-Dissociative Identity Disorder ||  ||   || ** Sexual and Gender Disorders ** ||   ||   ||   || ** Eating Disorders ** ||  ||   ||   ||  ** Sleep Disorders ** ||  ||   ||   ||  ** Impulse Control Disorders ** ||  ||   ||   ||  ** Adjustment Disorders **  ||   ||   ||   || ** PERSONALITY DISORDERS (Personalities are “off-center”) ** || -Antisocial Personality (Psychopaths and Sociopaths)

-Borderline Personality || -Lack of conscience; often in conflict w/ the law and show little or no concern, guilt, or anxiety; sometimes have a family history of neglect and rough treatment

-Created in 1980; characterized by intense and unstable relationships w/ others; very dependent; self-destructive behavior to manipulate others; suspicious and therefore difficult to treat ||  || media type="custom" key="9019598"